The contention principle differed significantly between the roles of defenders and forwards (H = -1192; p = 0.003) and also between defenders and midfielders (H = -1613; p = 0.001). In conclusion, a tactical framework established through training, using the principles of the game, provides coaches and players with a more comprehensive understanding and prediction of the actions taken by each player during the game.

The popularity of cycling in China has endured, notably during times when the government actively championed sustainable transportation. Many people use rides to reduce traffic congestion and make the process of transferring easier. learn more Cyclists, navigating the erratic and overwhelming nature of cycling, often find themselves in conflict with other road users. Road-using adolescents, with their inherent curiosity and willingness to take risks, are particularly vulnerable. Factors influencing aggressive riding behavior in adolescents, when identified, can guide the creation of effective prevention strategies. To gather data on bicycling among Guangzhou, China's middle school students, an online questionnaire was employed. Research into travel behavior and adolescent risk behaviors has benefited from the application of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the prototype willingness model (PWM). To assess the effect of psychological variables on aggressive behavior in adolescents, we used the Theory of Planned Behavior, Protection Motivation Theory, the integration of Theory of Planned Behavior and Protection Motivation Theory, and an integrated model approach. Behavioral intentions are profoundly molded by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Behavioral inclinations were shaped by both descriptive and moral standards. The integrated model's capacity to explain behavioral variance exceeded that of the TPB model by a substantial 183%. The social reactive pathway demonstrated greater explanatory power concerning behavioral differences compared to the rational path.

The current landscape of e-commerce is largely defined by the prominence of livestreaming commerce. The presence of a streamer is the key distinction between livestreaming commerce and traditional e-commerce. learn more However, the substantial contribution of streamer trust in the given setting is rarely explored in research. Based on the cognitive-affective-conative (C-A-C) model, we developed a research model to explore the precursors of streamer trust and its significance in shaping consumer purchasing behavior. Based on survey data, we determined that (1) prior factors, including interactivity, information richness, personal impulsivity, and attitudes toward live streaming shopping, are positively linked to streamer trust; (2) streamer trust positively correlates with consumer purchasing intentions; (3) live streaming value significantly moderates the effects of interactivity and informativeness, but not those of personal impulsivity and attitudes towards live streaming shopping. A comprehensive analysis of both the theoretical and practical ramifications is provided.

Existing research has underscored the influence of consumer innovativeness on innovation uptake; however, the interplay between fitness use innovativeness, post-adoption behavior, and the moderating variable of fitness consumers' efficacy beliefs remains comparatively under-investigated. Considering use innovativeness and revisit intention, this study aims to analyze the moderating effect of other-efficacy on the fitness player's usage patterns (usage variety and frequency) within the realm of fitness services. This study capitalizes on a diffusion model's capabilities for conceptual growth. Using fitness players from a public sports center, the proposed hypotheses are rigorously tested. learn more 205 usable questionnaires were secured for the undertaking of quantitative data analysis. The fitness player's pioneering use of fitness equipment significantly impacts the variety and frequency of their workouts, while their partner's effectiveness positively modifies their workout routines and their desire to repeat the experience. Fitness customers are categorized into four groups, based on their levels of innovative use of fitness, along with the effectiveness of their training partners. The implications for management within each segment are subsequently examined.

Children in Chile experienced nearly two years of lockdowns and school closures as part of the very strict COVID-19 reduction measures. Growing evidence indicates that lockdowns have negatively influenced children's development; thus, this study sets out to examine the long-term implications of COVID-19 lockdowns on Chilean students' practical motor proficiency and their perceived motor competency. A sequential cohort design was implemented to analyze data collected from 523 fifth-grade students (468% female, average age 11.11 years, standard deviation 0.66) across nine elementary schools, examining the pre-lockdown period (2018-19, n = 265) and the post-lockdown period (2022, n = 258). Evaluation of object control (AMC and PMC) demonstrated no significant disparities in the results (AMC p = 0.559; PMC p = 0.682). Within the self-movement domains of AMC and PMC, the observed disparities exhibited a modest magnitude of effect (AMC p = 0.0044, η² = 0.001; PMC p = 0.0001, η² = 0.003). While the differences encountered in self-movement skills were not drastic, the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns demonstrably had a significant effect. The study's results provide a more comprehensive picture of how the pandemic negatively affected students' active and healthy lifestyles.

Teenagers' appreciation is significantly shaped by their upbringing, yet research probing the precise connection between particular parenting practices and gratitude levels in adolescents is limited. The mechanism by which parental rejection affects adolescent gratitude was examined through questionnaires administered to 357 high school students. Results of the study revealed a notable and negative relationship between parental rejection and adolescents' gratitude; parental rejection significantly and negatively influenced gratitude. The study further demonstrated that, following the control of age and gender, parental rejection indirectly impacted gratitude levels through the mediators of adolescents' perceived responsibility and their belief in a just world. The observed results underscored that a sense of responsibility and trust in a just world were key to reducing the detrimental effects of parental rejection on adolescent gratitude.

The burgeoning literature regarding male victims of rape, in contrast to the extensive body of work on female victims, stands as a rising area of interest for counselors and researchers. This work reviews the increasing academic focus on male sexual assault victims. A comprehensive review of the literature concerning male victims of sexual assault will be structured around nine crucial sections: (a) a general overview of male sexual assault, (b) common myths surrounding male rape, (c) the frequency of male victimization, (d) reactions to male victimization, (e) understanding the characteristics of victim populations and perpetrators, (f) identification of risk factors for male sexual assault, (g) examination of reporting behaviors, (h) the impact of sexual assault on male victims, (i) analysis of help-seeking practices, and (j) implications for counseling and treatment. The review incorporates empirical studies, case reports, and books.

This study, drawing upon relief theory and similarity attraction theory, explores how leader humor impacts employee creativity, mediated by perceived workload, occupational coping self-efficacy, and employee similarity perception with the leader, potentially moderated by the employee-leader relationship. Data acquisition relied on an online survey, containing matched questionnaire data from 351 employees and their immediate managers in China. The current study, utilizing SPSS 26 and Mplus 70 software for data analysis, found that: (1) Leader humor has a positive influence on employee creativity; (2) Employees' perceived workload and occupational coping self-efficacy are mediators in the relationship between leader humor and employee creativity; (3) Similarity perception moderates the influence of leader humor on both perceived workload (negatively) and occupational coping self-efficacy (positively). These conclusions, beyond corroborating and supplementing previous research on the relationship between leader humor and employee creativity during the COVID-19 period, furnish valuable insights into managerial practices for boosting employee creativity and reducing workload, focusing on the impact of leadership humor.

While the literature on internet usage and political participation is extensive, the relationship between involvement in online network groups and the planned political participation in modern China is rarely studied. A discussion of this connection is substantial, given its ability to present a fresh perspective on media mobilization theory, specifically concerning online network groups, and potentially forge new channels for mobilizing a greater number of people for political activity when the connection gains prominence. Can the political participation intentions of Chinese citizens be anticipated by examining online network groups? This study seeks to answer this question. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis is applied to the data gathered from the 2019 China Social Survey for this study. Predictive online network groups related to political participation intention are, according to the research, concentrated in the category of emotional connections. Among online network groups, although a positive link to political participation intent is prevalent, those joining these particular groups display a substantially lower capacity for creating this political participation desire than those who do not. The correlation between virtual connections, social relations, and the influence of social groups can be elucidated by the interplay of online communication technology.